Poor injection profiles, low rates, and excessive pressures have reduced the ultimate income of many waterfloods. Realtime performance analysis of water injection wells b. Part of honeywells well performance monitor solution for comprehensive well and field surveillance, the wipd module brings the same level of insight to water injection. Epa region 5 guidance for deep injection wells protecting. Satscada for water injection well monitoring systems architecture. The findings in this dissertation provide critical data and models that help us to more confidently specify injection water quality, the design of pumping and water. Halls method is a simple tool used to evaluate performance of water injection wells. The water then forces itself through the pore spaces and sweeps the oil toward another set of wells known as producers. Spe paper number 93879 monitoring waterflood operations. The results showed that the amount of water injection necessary was nearly the same in all cases, with the two well scenario simply splitting the total volume needed between the two wells.
Two approaches involving both transient and pseudosteadystate methods produced very similar solutions, which were verified with the results of coupled. Subsea water treatment and injection baker hughes, a ge company. Water injection wells can be found both on and offshore, to increase oil recovery from an existing reservoir. Injection wells can be drilled or converted from existing production wells. Three simulations were run with a well placed on the east side of the main fault, a well on the west side of the fault, and a well on either side of the fault. Sep 05, 2010 oil well water injection penguinshavewings. Finally, from the results of this work, it is crucial to have more r esearch in this area as new techniques and. Final class vi guidance documents protecting underground. An introduction to their use, operation, and regulation. Water spray cooling of the intercooler is a good idea. Water and fuel arent usually a good mix, but bmw has turned to water injection technology in its evercontinuing quest for improved fuel economy and power. This is because injection into such zones can cause a higher production of water with displaced oil. Improve oil recovery with realtime monitoring of water injection wells using wpms water injection performance and diagnostic module wipd.
Storm water injection well best management practices bmps. The well operational limits cor respond to disposalzone. Introduction and objectives about water injection integrated waterflood management system engineering calculation of cvc, ivc in water injection performance plots used for analysis profile modification job low salinity water flooding references contents. Through the use of both experimental observations and numerical models this work has elucidated various physical phenomena affecting fracture growth and injection well performance. In internal combustion engines, water injection, also known as antidetonant injection adi, can spray water into the incoming air or fuelair mixture, or directly into the cylinder to cool certain parts of the induction system where hot points could produce premature ignition. The fluids can be wastewater, brine, or water mixed with chemicals. Water hammer effects on water injection well performance. The water injection pump unit consists of a booster pump stage and two highspeed injection pump stages, driven by a common driver over a spacer coupling and a gearbox. Models for other well components can be used in addition to complete the predicted well performance. An injection well is used to place fluid underground into porous geologic formations. Historically, class ii injection wells have been used for eor or disposal for the vast majority of water produced from oil or gas wells. Water injection wells water injection into a suitable oil pool, termed a waterflood, can achieve a higher oil recovery than by primary depletion alone. Seawater injection is widely used in increased oil recovery. Prognosis for safe waterdisposalwell operations and practices.
Here a relatively small amount of water is used to lower the inlet temperature by evaporation. Through the use of both experimental observations and numerical models this work has elucidated various physical phenomena affecting fracture growth and injectionwell performance. Optimising water injection performance spe 29774, in the spe middle east oil show. Technical evaluation of twente water injection wells row3, row4. Prior to an injection or reinjection operation the water injectivity, i. Equalizer helix icds delivered uniform injection across lateral well, improved wateroil ratio case study.
Storm water injection well best management practices bmps siting proper siting can minimize the impact of contaminants reaching a storm water injection well. Having the ability to allocate injection water as desired to the various waterflooded intervals is important for waterflood success because the overall waterflood is controlled primarily at the injection wells, not at the. Separation of these shorttime transient effects and longtime quasi steadystate processes is one of the most important tasks of well performance monitoring and diagnostics,57 crucial to the informationdriven oilfields of. Such processes consist of water flooding and natural gas injection that can recover up to 2060% of stock tank oil in place stoiip.
Finally, water injection into the aquifer case aquifer is seen to have the least water production for all cases considered. Water injection also demonstrated a decrease in the nox emissions ppm, as well as soot emissions. In the oil industry, waterflooding or water injection is where water is injected into the oil field, usually to increase pressure and thereby stimulate production. Determination of the mechanical integrity of injection wells pdf 27 pp, 231 k, february 2008. Huffnpuff water injection was also successfully tested in toutai reservoir, daqing. Such tests may cover a time span in the order of several weeks or months. Monitor water injection conditions from your desktop. Factors affecting injection well performance and fracture.
Real time monitoring assists in accurate and timely reporting of injection volumes as required by the local regulator aer, bc ogc, skogc, blm, trc. The paper describes the design and performance of water injection wells in the chestnut field. General information about injection wells protecting. In order for the process to be successful, the water must be treated prior to being injected. Water injection performance and diagnostic module wipd. Advanced analytical models for well injectivity decline adelaide. Water injection pumps 5 hydraulically balanced performance the dmx is engineered to perform reliably at the required hydraulic capacity while mitigating thrust loads. Pdf water injection is one of the most useful techniques for enhancing the production of oil from petroleum reservoirs. High pressure water injection well with remote esd. The choice of flow measurement may depend on composition of the water to be measured. Advanced water injection can keep the formation pressure at a higher level and keep a higher pressure gradient, which is an effective way to develop lowpermeability reservoir.
It is based on the assumption of steady state radial flow. Realtime performance analysis of waterinjection wells b. Injected fluids may include water, wastewater, brine salt water, or water mixed with chemicals. Secondary production methods involve fluid injection, and they are targeted at providing further energy in order to increase the production level once well production rates decline during primary recovery. Part of a sand and pore pressure management program implemented for the field this work presents the. Production performance of oil wells in the waterflood project, typically. These underground formations may range from deep sandstone or limestone, to a shallow soil layer. Thermal stimulation of water injection wells journal article.
A good example of this type of injection well behavior is the injection of produced water in prudhoe bay field in alaska, where 2,000 ppm oil plus solids in the injection water has been routinely injected with relatively little impact on well injectivity. Mismanaged, they can result in substantial and perhaps irreparable damage. As a result, there is an increment in the total oil production from the reservoir. Spe109876pa realtime performance analysis of water. Whether your drinking water comes from a public water supply or a private well or spring, your very existence depends upon having safe water. Pdf the paper describes the design and performance of water injection wells in the chestnut field. As a water well ages, the rate at which water may be pumped commonly referred to as the well yield, flow or performance tends to decrease, especially in wells that were not properly developed when first drilled.
This is a product information notes for well performance monitor. Enhanced reservoir description through application of. Another critical aspect of water injection well design and operation is the allocation of water to zones being waterflooded. Water is injected to support pressure of the reservoir also known as voidage replacement, and also to sweep or displace oil from the reservoir, and push it towards a well.
The knowledge of reservoir properties and near wellbore conditions in injection wells is as important as in the producing wells. Download as ppt, pdf, txt or read online from scribd. Plugging and abandoning injection wells class iv pdf 12 pp, 121 k, dec. A basic requirement for well analysis is the ability to define the entire inflow performance relationship ipr of the well. The effect of water injection on the oil w ell productivity 5.
Abstract water hammer effects resulting from the shutting in of water injection wells are an often ignored issue in petroleum production operations but. Injection well systems are more complex than production wells because water is forced into the formation and they are much more susceptible to loss of performance injectivity due to clogging. Thermal stimulation of water injection wells journal. In jet engines it increases engine thrust at low speeds and at takeoff. Injection well transient testing and analysis are simple as long as the mobility ratio between the injected and insitu fluids is about unity and the radius of investigation is not beyond the water injected fluid bank. The monitoring is simple, using measured rate, injection pressure corrected for bottomhole flowing. To understand underground injection, a brief discussion of ground water and some geologic terms is essential, so lets begin. Water disposal and injection well monitoring application measurement. This fact sheet briefly describes common well problems and discusses prevention and rehabilitation measures. Water injection has been employed for both aero and industrial engines to improve performance, utilizing one of two injection points along the gas path at first compressor entryto boost power or thrust with minimal impact on sfc. Conventional methods of well stimulation are often satisfactory, but thermal stimulation of injection wells seemed to offer the best possible solutions to the problems. Honeywell used a combination of advanced regulatory.
Pdf the effect of water injection on oil well productivity. Water injection for higher engine performance and lower. Based on the mechanism of advanced water injection and characteristic of porous. Diagnostic plots for analysis of water production and. As a general guideline, the greater the distance between a storm water injection well and ground water, the less the threat of contamination. Water injection or water flooding is a secondary hydrocarbon recovery technique where produced water, treated or demineralized water, or freshwater is injected into a wells formation under high pressure and temperature conditions to recover more. Water injection is the process by which this is achieved and can either encourage oil to rise to the surface of a mine or to be swept towards the opening of a production well. Blocked monitoring wells and filterpacks hinder sample collection or result in stagnant. Huffnpuff water injection was tested in 2007 in well niu 155 in niuquanhu reservoir, tuha field. A suite of reservoir models involving water injection helped understand disposal well performance.
Water hammer effects on water injection well performance and. Study on advanced water injection time in low permeability. Injectivity index monitoring the injectivity index ii combines all of the factors that are affecting the injection performance. Subsea water treatment and injection baker hughes, a ge. Shale revolution shifting injection from eor to disposal. Overview chapter 5 part 3 reservoir performance duration. Flow measurement for water injection is typically be achieved with turbine, pd, ultrasonic, mag, coriolis, or vortex meter technology. The degree of filtration used to treat injection water, including seawater, with very low particle concentrations varies within the industry12. Water injection as well as charge cooling should be used with racing gas. The results indicated that a 15% water injection by mass used together with fuel gave the best engine performance due to the increase in the indicated mean effective pressure and efficiency resulting from the cooling of certain parts of engine.
The hall plot analysis of a water injection test affected. Enhanced reservoir description through application of suitable techniques using core, log and well test data for successful water injection performance constrictions of porous media. There are many technologies available that can cost effectively improve system performance, reliability, and. Bmw water injection system offers improved performance and. Equalizer inflow and injection control devices baker.
In other field experiences, water has been injected into injection wells with minimal impact on injectivity. Epa is directed by the safe drinking water act sdwa to establish minimum federal requirements for state and tribal underground injection control uic programs to protect underground sources of drinking water from contamination caused by underground injection activities. The definition of a well is codified in the uic regulations at. The hall plot analysis of a water injection test affected by. Racing high octane gasoline should be used for all forms of competition and for higher than normal boost levels. The gearbox is built as an integrated part of the injection pump unit, and the outgoing shafts include bearings and mechanical seals for the pumps as well as direct coupled. Conventional methods of well stimulation are often satisfactory, but thermal stimulation of injection wells seemed to offer the best possible solutions to the. It is seen that injection of water into zones other than the aquifer would result in high watercut.
An injection well is a device that helps to place fluids underground in porous rock formations like limestone and sandstone, or below the shallow soil layer. There are a number of techniques for determining where the water injection wells should be drilled, as well as established patterns for water injection wells in relation to production wells. Pdf performance of water injection wells chestnut field. Accurate well test data must be obtained and the proper ipr applied for successful analysis. Water is injected to support pressure of the reservoir also known as voidage replacement, and also to sweep or displace. Water injection or water flooding is a secondary hydrocarbon recovery technique where produced water, treated or demineralized water, or freshwater is injected into a wells formation under high pressure and temperature conditions to recover more of the oil initially in place oiip. Prior to water injection, a pressure maintenance waterflood approval is required from the commission, issued as a special project order under section 75 of the oil and gas activities act. Summary of the epas responses to public comments received on the draft class vi well plugging, postinjection site care, and site closure guidance for owners and operators pdf 73 pp, 805 k, december 2016, epa 816s16002 geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide, underground injection control program class vi reporting, recordkeeping and data management guidance for owners or. Injection well behaviour is dominated by fracture geometry if the well is. Determination of underground sources of drinking water pdf 3 pp, 17 k, feb. There are a number of techniques for determining where the waterinjection wells should be drilled, as well as established patterns for waterinjection wells in relation to production wells.
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